Perchlorate contains chlorine in its highest oxidation number. The perchlorate ion is the least reactive of the generalized chlorates. It impedes production of the thyroid hormones that contain iodine. Potassium perchlorate has, in the past, been used therapeutically to help manage Graves' disease.Niche uses include lithium perchlorate, which decomposes exothermically to produce oxygen, useful in oxygen "candles" on spacecraft, submarines, and in other situations where a reliable backup oxygen supply is needed.Sprayed onto containers it stops statically charged food from clinging to plastic or paper/cardboard surface. Perchlorate is used to control static electricity in food packaging.In a related but smaller application, perchlorates are used extensively within the pyrotechnics industry and in certain munitions and for the manufacture of matches. Of particular value is ammonium perchlorate composite propellant as a component of solid rocket fuel. The dominant use of perchlorates is as oxidizers in propellants for rockets, fireworks and highway flares.Ammonium perchlorate, which is highly valued and can be also produced via an electrochemical process. Perchlorate salts are also commonly produced by reacting perchloric acid with bases, such as ammonium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. ![]() This technique is commonly employed in the production of sodium perchlorate, which finds widespread use as a key ingredient in rocket fuel. Perchlorate salts are typically manufactured through the process of electrolysis, which involves oxidizing aqueous solutions of corresponding chlorates. Four perchlorates are of primary commercial interest: ammonium perchlorate (NH 4)ClO 4, perchloric acid HClO 4, potassium perchlorate KClO 4 and sodium perchlorate NaClO 4. Many perchlorate salts also exhibit good solubility in non-aqueous solvents. The perchlorate ion forms when they dissolve in water, dissociating into ions. Ionic perchlorates are typically colorless solids that exhibit good solubility in water. ![]() Perchlorate contamination of food and water endangers human health, primarily affecting the thyroid gland. Additionally, they have been used in rocket propellants, fertilizers, and as bleaching agents in the paper and textile industries. The majority of ionic perchlorates are commercially produced salts commonly used as oxidizers for pyrotechnic devices and for their ability to control static electricity in food packaging. In most ionic perchlorates, the cation is non-coordinating. ![]() They are characterized by a covalent bond between an oxygen atom of the ClO 4 moiety and an organyl group. These are organic compounds that are alkyl or aryl esters of perchloric acid. The term perchlorate can also describe perchlorate esters or covalent perchlorates. As counterions, there can be metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations or other ions, for example, nitronium cation (NO 2 +). A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, ClO 4 −, the conjugate base of perchloric acid ( ionic perchlorate).
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